寨卡病毒SYBR GreenⅠreal-time PCR方法的建立及应用

为建立一种针对寨卡病毒的快速诊断方法,本研究根据寨卡病毒的3’端保守基因序列,设计合成1对引物,建立了检测寨卡病毒的荧光定量PCR方法。结果显示:所建立的检测方法的Ct值与标准品在1.41×10^1~1.41×10^10^ copies/μL具有良好的线性关系,相关性为1,斜率为-3.502;灵敏性结果显示,该方法的检测限度为1.41×10^1 copies/μL,是普通PCR的10000倍;特异性结果显示,对CHIKV、DENV和JEV无特异性扩增,特异性强;重复性试验结果显示,组内和组间变异系数均小于1%,重复性好。本研究建立的SYBR Green I real-time PCR检测方法,可用于寨卡病毒感染的快速诊断。     

A simplified roller bottle platform for the production of a new generation VLPs rabies vaccine for veterinary applications

Rabies is a neglected disease with an estimated annual mortality of 55,000 human deaths, affecting mainly low-income countries. Over 95% of these cases result from virus transmission through the bite of infected dogs and for this reason there is a real need for a cheap and effective rabies veterinary vaccine to be used in mass vaccination campaigns. In this work, we describe the establishment of a simple platform for the production of a virus-like particles based rabies vaccine using mammalian cells and roller bottles as culture system. Adherent cells were cultured during more than 15 days and VLPs were continuously produced and secreted to the culture supernatant. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of VLPs were tested through rabies virus neutralizing antibody test and NIH potency test. These viral particles induced high titer of long lasting neutralizing antibodies and protected mice against active virus challenge. Therefore, this development represents a promising platform for the production of a new generation and virus-free rabies vaccine candidate for veterinary applications.     

利用酵母双杂交系统筛选与草莓镶脉病毒移动蛋白P1互作的寄主因子

 构建感染草莓镶脉病毒(SVBV)森林草莓的酵母cDNA文库,利用酵母双杂交系统,筛选出与SVBV P1蛋白互作的15种寄主因子。生物信息学分析发现,这15种寄主因子参与茉莉酸途径、泛素化、光合作用、抗病抗逆、蛋白修饰、蛋白运输和氧化还原等多种生物过程。另外,这些寄主因子还具有其他分子功能,包括氧化还原酶活性、蛋白二硫化物异构酶活性和金属离子结合活性等。本研究初步探讨了P1与寄主因子的互作机理,为揭示SVBV侵染森林草莓以及SVBV在寄主中扩展的分子机制提供理论依据。     

蛋白质激发子Hrip1对小麦黄矮病的诱抗作用

小麦黄矮病是由大麦黄矮病毒（barley yellow dwarf virus，BYDV）引起的一种小麦病毒病，其传播介体是小麦蚜虫，在小麦生产中造成巨大的经济损失。近年来，植物诱导抗性作为一种新兴的植物病虫害防治措施引起了广泛的关注。蛋白质激发子Hrip1可以激活多种植物的免疫防御反应诱导植物产生广谱抗性。本研究评价了Hrip1对小麦黄矮病的诱抗效果。用30 μg/mL的Hrip1溶液进行小麦浸种和幼苗喷雾，随后接种BYDV，接种后第14 d，Hrip1对小麦黄矮病控制效果在50%以上，接种后第21 d控制效果仍在30%以上。实时荧光定量PCR检测结果显示，在Hrip1处理的小麦幼苗体内，BYDV外壳蛋白mRNA的数量显著低于对照组；EPG结果显示，在Hrip1处理的小麦幼苗上，麦二叉蚜寻找叶片刺吸位点和韧皮部取食位点的时间增加。以上结果表明：Hrip1能够有效地抑制BYDV在小麦体内的增殖；影响传毒媒介麦二叉蚜的取食行为，抑制其传毒能力。此外，Hrip1处理小麦能有效缓解BYDV引起的叶片黄化和植株矮化的症状。因此，Hrip1可以作为生物诱导剂综合控制小麦黄矮病。     

Protective efficacy of an H5/H7 trivalent inactivated vaccine produced from Re-11, Re-12, and H7-Re2 strains against challenge with different H5 and H7 viruses in chickens

We developed an H5/H7 trivalent inactivated vaccine by using Re-11, Re-12, and H7-Re2 vaccine seed viruses, which were generated by reverse genetics and derived their HA genes from A/duck/Guizhou/S4184/2017(H5 N6)(DK/GZ/S4184/17)(a clade 2.3.4.4 d virus), A/chicken/Liaoning/SD007/2017(H5 N1)(CK/LN/SD007/17)(a clade 2.3.2.1 d virus), and A/chicken/Guangxi/SD098/2017(H7 N9)(CK/GX/SD098/17), respectively. The protective efficacy of this novel vaccine and that of the recently used H5/H7 bivalent inactivated vaccine against different H5 and H7 N9 viruses was evaluated in chickens. We found that the H5/H7 bivalent vaccine provided solid protection against the H7 N9 virus CK/GX/SD098/17, but only 50–60% protection against different H5 viruses. In contrast, the novel H5/H7 trivalent vaccine provided complete protection against the H5 and H7 viruses tested. Our study underscores the importance of timely updating of vaccines for avian influenza control.     

不同温度下TMV侵染枯斑三生烟的LncRNA差异表达

【目的】 筛选不同温度下烟草花叶病毒（Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV）侵染后枯斑三生烟（Nicotiana tabacum var. Samsun NN）差异表达的长链非编码RNA（long non-coding RNA,lncRNA）,研究lncRNA在枯斑三生烟抗性反应中的作用。【方法】 N基因的温度敏感性使枯斑三生烟在25℃时具备对TMV的抗性、在31℃抗性丧失,在这两个温度条件下对枯斑三生烟接种TMV和磷酸盐缓冲盐水（phosphate buffered saline,PBS）,48 h后提取系统叶总RNA,构建链特异性文库后进行深度测序。对测序结果进行过滤后利用HTSeq将有效数据与近缘品种TN90（N. tabacum var. TN90）基因组比对,筛选得到lncRNA后利用FPKM法估计lncRNA的表达水平。通过edgeR筛选差异表达lncRNA（differentially expressed lncRNA,DElncRNA）,并利用qRT-PCR技术对这一结果进行验证。通过共定位及共表达分析预测DElncRNA的靶基因,通过参考基因组注释、GO和KEGG富集分析研究靶基因的功能。【结果】 4个处理共12个样本经lncRNA-seq各测得约8 000万条clean reads,共获得4 737条已知lncRNA、40 169条新lncRNA。其中64个lncRNA在不同温度条件下TMV侵染后存在差异表达,qRT-PCR测定结果显示这些lncRNA的测序正确率在80%左右,表明本研究所得测序数据具备较高的可信度。对DElncRNA进行靶基因预测,发现一些基因同时被25℃下调和31℃上调的DElncRNA靶向。靶基因注释功能丰富,主要参与植物抗病、激素和代谢等生理过程。部分可能与激素通路相关的lncRNA,在25℃下TMV侵染时呈现下调趋势,而在31℃下TMV侵染则呈现上调趋势。GO富集分析显示靶基因主要参与构成膜、囊泡等组分,具备钙、钾离子通道抑制剂活性等分子功能,使相应离子得以转运引发随后的反应,同时也参与发病、抗原加工和呈现、细胞分裂素代谢等生理过程。KEGG分析发现靶基因显著富集在植物激素信号转导通路,25℃下调和31℃上调的DElncRNA靶基因同时富集在激素信号传导、ABC运输蛋白、苯丙烷类生物合成等通路。【结论】 不同温度（25℃和31℃）条件下TMV侵染枯斑三生烟后,长链非编码RNA差异表达,DElncRNA通过作用于激素信号传导、物质转运等过程参与寄主系统获得性抗性反应。研究结果可为揭示植物系统获得性抗性中lncRNA的调控功能以及新型抗病毒技术开发提供依据。     

广东梅州柑橘黄龙病和病毒病的发生调查及其黄龙病菌原噬菌体多样性

【目的】调查柑橘黄龙病（Huanglongbing,HLB）和病毒病在广东省梅州市柑橘主产区的危害情况,分析该地区柑橘黄龙病菌（CLas）的原噬菌体多样性。【方法】以16S rDNA为模板设计引物,利用实时荧光定量PCR（qPCR)检测梅州市不同抽检地在2017—2019年3年间柑橘黄龙病的发病情况;同时分别采用已报道的柑橘衰退病毒（Citrus tristeza virus,CTV）、柑橘裂皮病毒（Citrus exocortis viroid,CEVd）、柑橘褪绿矮缩病毒（Citrus chlorotic dwarf-associated virus,CCDaV）、柑橘碎叶病毒（Citrus tatter leaf virus,CTLV）和柑橘黄脉病毒（Citrus yellow vein clearing virus,CYVCV）的特异性检测引物,提取样品的RNA,反转后以样品的cDNA为模板,通过普通PCR的方法分析梅州市抽检地区柑橘病毒病的发生情况。此外,以基于2种原噬菌体类型（SC1和SC2）对应的超变异基因区域设计的2对引物（Lap-TJ-F/Lap-TJ-R1和Lap-TJ-F/Lap-TJ-R2）,运用普通PCR方法分析该地区CLas菌株原噬菌体的遗传多样性。【结果】除2018年9月梅州大浦顺兴公司蜜柚基地的抽检样品外,梅州市其他被检地区均发现CLas。总体来说,梅州市的脐橙CLas检出率为55.3%,蜜柚为61.5%,沙田柚为61.7%。其中2017年采集自平原县大拓镇的蜜柚和沙田柚样品CLas检出率为100%,兴宁市白马镇的蜜柚为100%,沙田柚为80%;其他抽检地区的样品CLas检出率在16.7%—83.3%。虽然梅州市部分地区的检出率较高,但其病原菌的含量并不高,大部分处于柑橘黄龙病发病初、中期,属可防可控阶段;此外,梅州市柑橘病毒的总检出率不高,CTV、CTLV和CYVCV为梅州的主要病毒,CEVd和CCDaV没有检测到。CTV、CTLV和CYVCV在脐橙上的检出率依次为78.9%、7.9%和21.1%,蜜柚为15.4%、25.0%和9.6%,沙田柚为6.4%、2.1%和4.3%。基于Lap-TJ-F/Lap-TJ-R1和Lap-TJ-F/Lap-TJ-R2来研究CLas原噬菌体多样性的PCR扩增条带共有4种类型（SC1-1、SC1-2、SC2-1和SC2-2）,经过PCR电泳和测序得出,来自梅州市脐橙和沙田柚的CLas菌株以SC2-1型为主,蜜柚上以SC1-1型为主。【结论】梅州柑橘产区的柑橘黄龙病目前属于可防可控阶段,其病原菌菌株的原噬菌体在不同品种上具有其独特性;由于在抽检时发现有柑橘病毒病的存在,因此在种植过程中需加强种苗监管,同时应采取有效措施对柑橘黄龙病和柑橘木虱（Diaphorina citri）进行绿色防控。     

纳米酶免疫层析试纸条法检测玉米褪绿斑驳病毒

【目的】建立纳米酶免疫层析试纸条(Nanozyme Immuno-chromatographic Strip Assay, NISA)检测玉米褪绿斑驳病毒方法。【方法】采用双抗夹心法,将纳米酶标记的鼠抗体IgG与McmV结合后,再与硝酸纤维素膜质控线上的鼠抗体结合,二氨基联苯胺(Diaminobenzidine, DAB)滴加显色。【结果】采用研制的NISA和反转录PCR法(RT-PCR)对玉米褪绿斑驳病毒梯度稀释的研磨液进行检测,灵敏度分别为10^-7和10^-5;用其他4种病毒作对照进行特异性实验,无交叉反应;用该试纸条对供试样品进行检测,并以RT-PCR方法及基因测序方法对检测结果进行验证,三者检测结果一致。【结论】该试纸条检测McmV的灵敏度高、特异性强,可用于科研、农业生产单位和口岸机构对McmV的检测。     

First serological evidence of West Nile virus infection in wild birds in Northern Algeria

While the epidemiology of Flaviviruses has been extensively studied in most of the Mediterranean basin, little is known about the current situation in Algeria. In order to detect the circulation of West Nile (WNV) and Usutu viruses (USUV) in Kabylia, 165 sera were collected from two wild birds species, namely the long distance migrant Turdus philomelos (song thrush) (n = 92) and the resident Passer domesticus (house sparrow) (n = 73). A total of 154 sera were first analyzed by commercial competition ELISA. WNV and USUV micro-neutralization tests were performed on all c-ELISA positive sera and all samples with poor volume. Overall, 7.8 % (CI95 %: 3.5–11.9) were positive by c-ELISA. Positive results were detected in 12.5 % (CI95 %:5.6–19.4) of song thrushes and 1.5 % (CI95 %: 0.0–4.5) for sparrow.Micro-neutralization tests revealed an overall seroprevalence of 6.7 % for WNV (CI95 %: 2.9–10.3), Neutralizing antibodies were found in 8.7 % (CI95 %: 3.0–14.4) for song thrushes and in 4.1 % (CI95 %: 0.0–8.7) of sparrows. The current study demonstrates significant seroprevalence of WNV antibodies in wild birds in Algeria.     

High protection of mice against Brucella abortus by oral immunization with recombinant probiotic Lactobacillus casei vector vaccine,expressing the outer membrane protein OMP19 of Brucella species

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease threatening the public health and hindering the trade of animals and their products, which has a negative impact on the economic development of a country. Vaccination is the most effective way to control brucellosis. The recombinant vector vaccines are promising candidates for immunization in humans and animals. In this study, the gene encoding OMP19 antigen was primarily amplified and cloned into an expression vector called pT1NX, and then transformed to L. casei cell via electroporation technique. The expression was confirmed using specific antibody against the recombinant protein via immunological screening tests such as western blot and immunofluorescence assay. Finally, recombinant L. casei was orally fed to mice and the results were further recorded, indicating that the mice group which received OMP19 through L. casei based vaccine represented a very good general and mucosal immune responses protective against challenges with virulent B. abortus 544 strain compared with negative control recipient groups. Therefore, the vaccine produced in this research plan can be a very good candidate for protection against brucellosis.